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          扩展名类型判断
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        <p>在我们使用操作系统，系统通常可以根据文件扩展名/后缀，来判断文件类型，并显示相应图标。那么，iOS 中可以怎样实现呢？ <span id="more"></span></p>
<p>iOS 可以通过 UTI 来进行转换。UTI 是什么呢，用过 Media 相关的框架的同学可能不会陌生。需要了解的同学，可浏览以下资料： - <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/understanding_utis/understand_utis_conc/understand_utis_conc.html">Uniform Type Identifier Concepts</a> - <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/General/Conceptual/DevPedia-CocoaCore/UniformTypeIdentifier.html">Uniform Type Identifier</a></p>
<p>具体实现代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/// extension -&gt; UTI</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSString</span> *UTIForExtension(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *extension) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//Request the UTI via the file extension</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *theUTI = (__bridge_transfer <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, (__bridge <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span>)(extension), <span class="literal">NULL</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> theUTI;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/// 匹配 UTI</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">BOOL</span> extensionConformToUTI(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *extension, <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span> theUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *preferredUTI = UTIForExtension(extension);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (UTTypeConformsTo((__bridge <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span>) preferredUTI, theUTI));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">BOOL</span> extensionLikelyImage(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *extension) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> extensionConformToUTI(extension, <span class="built_in">CFSTR</span>(<span class="string">&quot;public.image&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">BOOL</span> extensionLikelyAudio(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *extension) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> extensionConformToUTI(extension, <span class="built_in">CFSTR</span>(<span class="string">&quot;public.audio&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">BOOL</span> extensionLikelyMovie(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *extension) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> extensionConformToUTI(extension, <span class="built_in">CFSTR</span>(<span class="string">&quot;public.movie&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr />
<p>🎁彩蛋</p>
<p>顺便的，给出 UTI 与 mimeType 的转换，以及相关的实用函数。</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/// UTI -&gt; mimeType</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSString</span> *mimeTypeForUTI(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *aUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span> theUTI = (__bridge <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span>) aUTI;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span> mimeType = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(theUTI, kUTTagClassMIMEType);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (__bridge_transfer <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)mimeType;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/// 元素唯一字典</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *uniqueArray(<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *anArray) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> *copiedArray = [<span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> arrayWithArray:anArray];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">id</span> object <span class="keyword">in</span> anArray)     &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        [copiedArray removeObjectIdenticalTo:object];</span><br><span class="line">        [copiedArray addObject:object];</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> copiedArray;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *conformanceArray(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *aUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> *results = [<span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> arrayWithObject:aUTI];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *dictionary = utiDictionary(aUTI);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">id</span> conforms = dictionary[(__bridge <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)kUTTypeConformsToKey];</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// No conformance</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!conforms) <span class="keyword">return</span> results;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Single conformance</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ([conforms isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSString</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]]) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        [results addObjectsFromArray:conformanceArray(conforms)];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> uniqueArray(results);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Iterate through multiple conformance</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ([conforms isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]]) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *eachUTI <span class="keyword">in</span> (<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *) conforms)</span><br><span class="line">            [results addObjectsFromArray:conformanceArray(eachUTI)];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> uniqueArray(results);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Just return the one-item array</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> results;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *allExtensions(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *aUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> *results = [<span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> array];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *conformance = conformanceArray(aUTI);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *eachUTI <span class="keyword">in</span> conformance)     &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *dictionary = utiDictionary(eachUTI);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *extensions = dictionary[(__bridge <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)kUTTypeTagSpecificationKey];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">id</span> fileTypes = extensions[(__bridge <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)kUTTagClassFilenameExtension];</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> ([fileTypes isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]])</span><br><span class="line">            [results addObjectsFromArray:(<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *) fileTypes];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ([fileTypes isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSString</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]])</span><br><span class="line">            [results addObject:(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *) fileTypes];</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> uniqueArray(results);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *allMIMETypes(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *aUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> *results = [<span class="built_in">NSMutableArray</span> array];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *conformance = conformanceArray(aUTI);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *eachUTI <span class="keyword">in</span> conformance) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *dictionary = utiDictionary(eachUTI);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *extensions = dictionary[(__bridge <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)kUTTypeTagSpecificationKey];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">id</span> fileTypes = extensions[(__bridge <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *)kUTTagClassMIMEType];</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> ([fileTypes isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]])</span><br><span class="line">            [results addObjectsFromArray:(<span class="built_in">NSArray</span> *) fileTypes];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ([fileTypes isKindOfClass:[<span class="built_in">NSString</span> <span class="keyword">class</span>]])</span><br><span class="line">            [results addObject:(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *) fileTypes];</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> uniqueArray(results);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *utiDictionary(<span class="built_in">NSString</span> *aUTI) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *dictionary = (__bridge_transfer <span class="built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)UTTypeCopyDeclaration((__bridge <span class="built_in">CFStringRef</span>) aUTI);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> dictionary;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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